There was a brief Jewish Revolt in the early 7th Century in which the Jewish Community aided the Persians in their conquest of Eastern Roman Palestine, after which, for a short time, the Persians appointed a Jewish governor of Jerusalem and granted relative favour to the Jews at the expense of the Christians. Supposedly the Jewish governor, during his brief rule, renewed sacrifices on the Temple Mount, drew up plans for a Third Temple, and began research on geneaologies to determine a new High Priest. But none of this ever really got off the ground, and the Persians ended the experiment and removed the governor a few years later.