Most of the orphanages where the girls came from were from orphanages in Honfleur, Dieppe, La Rochelle and the general hospitals of Paris; thus in urban settings. Yet they were sent out in their hundreds to colonize and settle down and clear deeply forested areas in order to build an agrarian society. This can not have been an easy transition for these girls, and one may wonder how the education and training they received in these mostly urban orphanages might have prepared them for such a life.
Do we have any records of how the Filles du Roy experienced their settlement, and of how they adapted to this new lifestyle? Did they see their new life as an improvement, were they mostly satisfied overall or did they put up with their lot in resignation?
There is a lot of information on this in the books: King's Daughters and Founding Mothers: The Filles du Roi, 1663-1673, by Peter J. Gagné. It seems to be out of print but I will see if I can find my copy and try to answer some of your questions.
Edit: Found the Gagné books. While it's true that most of the women came from urban areas, the men seemed to prefer women from the country:
When selecting a Fille du Roi, the Candian suitor looked beyond the mere beauty of his intended and considered the practical attributes of a bride that would be adapted or disposed to the rigors of the colony. "The preference seems to have been most decidedly for peasant girls because they were healthy and industrious. Girls from the cities... were inclined to be lightheaded, lazy, and sometimes sluttish, and the sturdy young habitants had no desire for wives of that type even though they might be prettier and trimmer than the broad-beamed candidates from the farms." [quote attributed to Oury, Dom Guy, ed. Marie de l'Incarnation, Ursuline (1599-1672): Correspondance. Solesmes (France): Abbaye St-Pierre, 1971, p. 832]
There is some discussion also about what the Filles were looking for:
It seems that having a home of one's own was one of the most important factors for a Fille du Roi in her decision. According to Marie de l'Incarnation, "The smartest [among the suitors] began making an habitation one year before getting married, because those with an habitation find a wife easier. It's the first thing that the girls ask about, wisely at that, since those who are not established suffer greatly before being comfortable."
And for a Fille du Roi who did not find a husband?:
However, despite the need for marriageable women in 17th century Quebec, the willingness of the Filles du Roi to fulfill this need and the "incentives" to marry, some of the girls did go unpicked and had to settle for a position as a household servant. "An unwanted King's Girl was a tragedy, her lot sadder than that of a confirmed spinster, for she had publicly proclaimed her willingness to be chosen." [quote from Costain, Thomas B. "The White and the Gold", 1954, p. 262.]
As referenced by Gagné, Costain's The White and the Gold is a good read about this time period in Quebec, if you can find it. Again, I have a copy and will try to find it. IIRC, there was a discussion of the housing situation in New France - small homes centered around a large fireplace that were meticulously cared for. I read it about 15 years ago, and that's what I remember (and there are no online scans of the book that I can find). I expect that Costain discusses the lives of the men and women more than what I can remember having read it so long ago. However, Costain is a bit of a historical fiction writer, so I never really know when he takes liberties with his history.
It was not only the Filles du Roy who were drawn from urban areas; this was true of most of the migrants who came to New France.
As Leslie Choquette has shown in her book Frenchmen into Peasants, the settlers who sailed to Acadia and Canada came largely from the ranks of artisans and labourers living in the Atlantic ports of France - a population that was already mobile, cosmopolitan, and tied to the commercial economy (very different from the peasants of the eastern part of the country, which was characterized by feudal agriculture).
At a time when 85% of French people lived in communities smaller than 2,000 inhabitants, two-thirds of the emigrants to New France came from towns, and two-thirds of these migrants came from towns with at least 10,000 inhabitants.
Furthermore, less than one-third of the migrants were peasants (27%) compared to 80% for France as a whole. Artisans made up nearly 45% of the immigrant population.
Gervais Carpin has also done an in-depth study of early 17th-century migration to Canada (Le réseau du Canada) and has arrived at similar conclusions.
For the process of adapting to agricultural life in a new land, Louise Dechêne's classic Habitants et marchands de Montréal au XVIIe siècle is still an excellent source.