Please note: I am not very qualified and don't understand much about what I'm talking about. If there are errors with my background knowledge (outlined below) please let me know (preferrably a p.m. so that the comment section could be dedicated to answering the question) and I will edit it to be accurate.

Background

I've recently learned a little bit about the Axial Age in my history class and found it quite interesting, mostly because I've never heard of it before. Essentially, it was a period of time around 800-600 B.C.E. when people started thinking more philosophically and religions around the world experienced significant changes. Some historians believe the cause for the Axial Age was the growth of cities and improvement of agricultural technology, which allowed people significantly more time for philosophical thought than before.

Question

How did this time period influence different societies and religions that can still be recognized today? Please provide examples and possibly additional reading so that I could understand your answers better and learn more