23 700 Belgian, 40 000 French, c. 400 000 Russian Empire, and c. 130 000 Romanian civilians, died of 'crimes against humanity' during WWI. A caveat should be added here towards Russian losses, that they likely include Russian Jews and other civilians that died at Russian hands during the retreat of 1915.

The Belgian and French figures together include c. 6200 Belgian and French civilians murdered outright in the first fortnight of the German invasion. These figures may also not take into account those prisoners of war (esp. Romanians, Russians and French) that succumbed to abuse under German forced labour, or civilians that suffered the same. It also does not cover the victims of unrestricted submarine warfare, the southeast coast bombardments, or the Zeppelin and Goth raids. Civilians and non-combatant personnel killed by the Germans in WWI probably numbered around 400-500 000, possibly even higher. One might also throw in the 500-700 000 Africans that died of starvation due to scorched earth policies in German East Africa, due to Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck's "brilliant" guerrilla campaign.