Was "it just doesn't work" it? Was there any argument that actually got it overturned in the courts?
Prohibition was overturned by a Constitutional amendment (the 21st amendment), not in the courts. This is necessary, as prohibition was also enacted by a constitutional amendment (the 18th), so it required another amendment to undo.
I'll leave the voter-targeted arguments for more of an expert on the time period, but I believe the argument basically came down to people enjoying drinking and the general ineffectiveness of the law.