From this, I would recommend Liberty: The Lives and Times of Six Women in Revolutionary France by Lucy Moore. I recommend this as it does directly reference women such as Olympe de Gouge and Madame de Stael.

The Revolution was a tricky time for women. Ideally it should and was a time of liberation (in a sense) for women into the public sphere, something that they had a strong presence in the semi-public sphere. This semi-public sphere mainly consisted of the owners of Salons that hosted parties and conversation that helped fuel discussion of the Revolution. In a sense, women had as much if not more claim to birthing the Revolution through the creation of these social gatherings. Further they were involved in the famous women's march on Versailles, causing much unrest with many male politicians.

Olympe de Gouge is a good example of the more political active and egalitarian movement that many women hoped for. She was an active and vocal supporter of Robespierre but someone he personally didn't like. Robespierre simply didn't want women as highly involved in politics as de Gouge. Those that didn't support female enfranchisement often pointed to things such as the women's march as evidence against the supposed flightiness of women, that women could be influenced and not rational.

Others such as Madame Roland write papers and opinions espousing her opinions and sending them through her husband, Jean-Marie Roland whom was an important Girondin member. She would die at the hands of the Terror for being of the Girondin faction and problematic for speaking in favor of women's rights.

However, all of this would be put at an end not with the Thermidorian reaction but rather Napoleon. Napoleon saw women as problematic and easily influenced. He looked toward Madame de Stael's salons as a source for disgrunted philosophers to talk (as he himself hated the Jacobin faction for being destructive and self-ruining). Further rights would be curbed by the Code Napoleon, which would put all the rights of women in the hands of their father or husband, effectively preventing women like Olympe de Gouge or Madame Roland from being able to voice their opinion.

While this doesn't truly touch your request for arguments, it would be hard to discuss the arguments since they rarely go beyond actually addressing the opinions of women.