To begin, there is a significant amount of context needed to answer this question. The concept of Eugenics (from the Latin "Well Being") was developed in 1869 by Sir Francis Galton in his book Hereditary Genius and expounded upon in his publication Inquiry into Human Faculty and its Development in 1883. His inspiration came initially from reading Charles Darwins' (Galton's first cousin) Origin of Species and applying it to the Human race. Within decades Eugenics was a multifaceted field, with differing concepts, and a global influence. Essentially, there are two "kinds" of Eugenics, Positive Eugenics, and Negative Eugenics. Positive Eugenics were actions that encouraged production of stronger, healthier, and more desirable elements of society, such as exercise, selective marriages and teetotalling societies. Negative Eugenics were actions that eliminated "undesirable" traits in the population such as sterilization or segregation of the unfit. Two further ideals differing between Eugenicists were Mendelian, based on the hereditary work of Gregor Mendel, and Lamarckian, based on that of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Lamarck's works depended on Environment rather than biology or genetics. Every European country from Spain to Russia had Eugenic societies to some extent or another, additionally spread throughout the Americas, and even Asia. By far the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States had the largest and most powerful groups, and thus have been studied the most in depth.

Now in regards to your question, Eugenics in the United States was organized, socially and legally powerful, and widespread. The foremost Eugenic Organization in the United States was that of the Eugenics Record Office located in Cold Spring Harbor, New York. It operated from 1910 to 1939 under the leadership of prominent Eugenicist Charles Davenport until his retirement in 1934 and Harry Laughlin until its closure in 1939. For example, the prominence of American Eugenics was such that two of the three International Eugenics Conferences were held in the United States and local Eugenic societies popped up across the US. Here's a picture from the "Fittest Family Award" winners from the 1925 Kansas State Fair. Many celebrities and politicans of the era believed in Eugenic theory such as H.G. Wells, Neville Chamberlain, Alexander Graham Bell, Winston Churchill, and Margaret Sanger to name a few. Sanger would later be known for founding the organizations that became Planned Parenthood, though her name has been wrongfully slandered as of late as being a racist though in her life she was supported by prominent African-Americans such as W.E.B. DuBois and Martin Luther King Jr. for her Birth Control and healthcare efforts.

In addition to societal use, Eugenic legislation was sponsored across the US, Illinois being the first to pass an involuntary sterilization law in 1907.Other Laws based on Eugenic thought were the 1924 Virginia Racial Integrity Act A law requiring a racial description of all citizens be given at birth and divided society into two groups, White and Colored. It is the Racial Integrity Act that gave birth to the "One Drop Rule" of defining race in the United States. Eugenic laws such as this were widespread, allowing for the segregation and in many cases, sterilization of, the mentally ill, the poor, alcoholics, criminals and those perceived to be "negative elements" of society (though this could mean as much as being black in some areas.) Another law, this time on the National scale was the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act, this law was designed to limit the number of Southern and Eastern Europeans entering the country as well as limiting the number of Africans and outright banning Asians from entering the United States. It also prevented those ineligible for citizenship (targeting mostly Chinese and Japanese immigrants) from immigrating. This law was supported by Congressmen who followed theories of Eugenics and Racial Hygiene such that espoused by Eugenicist Madison Grant, who's 1916 work The Passing of the Great Race was wildly popular being republished on many occasions, in multiple languages and still influences Racial and Racist ideology till today.

In addition to legislation and social groups within the United States, Eugenic and Racial Hygienic theories hit the big screen. In 1917, the film Black Stork was released, starring Dr. Harry J. Haiselden, chief surgeon of the German-American hospital of Chicago. The movie depicted Haiselden's 1915 eugenic infanticide of syphilitic child John Bollinger. Bollinger's parents brought their child to Haiselden's hospital and Haiselden convinced them that their child would grow up a miserable outcast, and allowed him to die. Despite public outrage, Haiselden never regretted the death of Bollinger and continually advocated for the use of Negative Eugenics. Black Stork hit the big screen and continually ran until 1942.

The downfall of American and worldwide Eugenic movements came with the Great Depression and World War II. With the Great Depression, much of the private and personal funding of Eugenic societies and organizations dried up. The Eugenic Records Office, which relied mostly on funds from the Rockefeller, then Carnegie foundations, was shut down in 1935, Laughlin was forced to retire in 1939 and the ERO was closed in 1939. Without the primary Eugenic Office and funding Eugenic thought was on its way out, the Depression, swiftly followed by World War II signed the death warrant for Eugenic thought in the United States.

Germany had long been a supporter of Eugenic theory and Racial Hygiene, the Third Reich's primary institute for Eugenic theory was the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Genetics, and Eugenics though it was long preceded by localized Societies for Race Hygiene such as the "Munich Society for Race Hygiene" founded in 1910. As Dr. Hans-Walter Schmuhl put it, “The institute’s scientists provided the genetic health and race policy of the “New Germany” with a fixed basis of legitimation,defended it with the weight of their scientific authority at international congresses,and in this manner helped to reduce foreign political pressure on the National Socialist state.” Germany passed numerous laws based in Eugenic theory, sterilized thousands such as the "Rhineland Bastards" and undertook a program known as Aktion T4 From 1939 to 1941, more than 70,000 people were killed under the T4 program, starting April 1940 an inventory of Jewish patients was undertaken and in June the first gassings of mental patients took place. T4 specialists would later be transferred to the Death Camps run by the German SS as part of the greater Holocaust.

When the word of the T4 program became widespread, it was met with public outrage well before the horrors of the Holocaust were known to the world. It was criticized by the Catholic Church, which had come out against Eugenics in 1930 with the Papal Encyclical Casti Connubi, as well as many German citizens and global governments. With the end of the War, and the atrocities of the Holocaust and Nazi Germany's racial policies becoming well known, Eugenic and racial legislation was taken apart and disposed of globally, it had lost the scientific front it operated under and was shunned by the larger medical and scientific community. This isn't to say that Eugenic policy wasn't still in use by governments, especially in the United States. State Medical Boards and governments still undertook sterilizations on the unwitting and unable to decline. North Carolina has garnered the most attention for this in the Mecklenburg County case as those unwittingly sterilized seek reparations from the state and federal government, though nearly every state sterilized those it deemed unsuitable to bear children with California leading the charge with more than 20,000 over the course of fifty years.