A partial answer. I had to do a little research to answer this question as relates to my specialty; Cuba. The actual term for this practice in specialized literature for Spanish America is carimbar (to brand with a hot iron).

While formally outlawed by a real cédula (royal decree) in 1784, numerous cases of branding went well into the mid-19th century. Gabino La Rosa Corzo (PhD) has been published both inside Cuba and in at least one book in the US via the prestigious Cuban studies program over at UNC, wrote an interesting article in the Cuban social science journal Del Caribe (Of the Caribbean) titled La Carimba o marca de fuego (the branding iron or 'marked by fire').

He states that in his own investigation using colonial governmental records he discovered that branding continued "as proven by the some of the descriptions that accompanied the entries of cimarrones [runaways] to the depository for profligate captured slaves that existed in [the neighborhood of] El Cerro (La Habana) between 1797 and 1854." [my translation]

The branding itself, with irons under closely guarded lock and key, were merely attempts to track which slaves were imported legally, and thus were taxed by royal officials, and which were contraband, thus lacking the proper brand.

Another type of branding was specially conceived for contraband slaves. These were given special marcas de indulto (pardon brands) attesting to the fact that while imported illegally they had since passed through the proper channels and had been taxed by royal officials.

Finally, owners themselves branded slaves as well. The author cites the case of Maria Antonia, a native of Jamaica, who was branded with the initials M.S. She was part of a group of slaves who had organized into a palenque (colony of runaway and thus free blacks) who were auctioned off. This auction happened in Cuba in August of 1748, in Santiago de Cuba. Because she was obviously imported illegally and lacked the proper brand it didn't matter that her master had marked her. She was sent to the auction block along with two of her three children (the third got away) and sold. La Rosa Corzo shows an illustration of the S.M. brand in the article [Note: Article states 1848 as the year for the action. This is an errata as revealed by the description of the brand available on page 8]

The author's research discovered documents from as late as 1854 citing eight cases for that year of captured runaways who had been 'marked with fire' (marca de fuego). The author notes that while rare, by the middle of the 19th century, it is surprising that it was still practiced enough that several cases a year were being found eight decades after formal prohibition of the practice.