In the 18th Century, was it better to be a rich white man born in the Spanish colonies, or the English colonies? What were the differences?

by XMercuriusX
tomato_paste

This is a question that I have found studied by economists in Latinamerica, especially when dealing with inequality and accumulation of wealth, as well as lack of industrialization and perverse patterns of consumption. The pre-industrialized societies of both sub-continents were pretty much similar in access to science and manufacturing processes, but the ones in the South had far more resources that the ones in the north. Furthermore, the Latinamerican colonies had the advantage of huge centralized empires that provided a large amount of workers, plus those that would came from Africa, adding to the wealth of the dominant groups. Eduardo Galeano indicates how wealthy families in Latinamerica would send their linen to be washed in Europe, and how the gauchos dressed with only their leather chaps manufactured locally: everything else was imported. Jose Antonio Ocampo points out how any attempts to industrialization are squashed out, mainly because the wealthy are protecting their patters of consumption that depend, in a large manner, from imports from Europe: conspicuous consumption is tremendously important.

In general, the wealthy in the Spanish colonies would be at the top of a very rigid social structure, would benefit from large tracts of land adjudicated by the King (or Queen), and would maintain that in the family. The economy was mostly extractive, people were considered as resources to exploit, and there was a strong disincentive to actually produce anything, since importing it from Europe was a sign of wealth and status. On the other hand, it seems that the wealthy in the English colonies maintained some distance from Europe, and although they also developed extractive economy, it slowly evolved towards one of self-reliance, and local manufacture of goods was encouraged and approved.

Based on this, I would guess that the wealth of the person in the Spanish colonies was greater, but only in pre-industrialized times.

1 – Ocampo, Jose A. Historia económica de Colombia. Siglo XXI Editores, 1987.
2 - Galeano, Eduardo. Las venas abiertas de América Latina. Siglo XXI Editores, 2008.