In mythology, the twelve tone scale was discovered at the time of the Yellow Emperor. Lots of ancient examples of notation and music theory have been unearthed. What are some old pieces of music that can still be accurately reproduced today?
Last month I answered What did musical notation look like in 11th century China?, where /u/grantimatter offered up a great website which has audio files of classical pieces.
The website it a little 1999 but has 171 recordings.
It's important to remember that with the Qin pieces that that site is focused on, there was notation in the form of the scale that you mention, but also additional tablature for the hand gestures (pluckings/strummings). With these we're able to accurately reproduce the music as it was written.
Anyway I'd start with that and have a listen.