I'm curious to know if names that are so common today are as common as they are because of their use in religious texts, or if the religious texts included people with those names because they were already common?
That almost certainly depends on the name. Most "biblical" names are actually loose translations of Hebrew names, with "Mary"/"Maria" coming from "Miriam/Miryam" (gotta love the lack of spelling conventions for Romanized Judaic words) probably being the most widespread example. Those names most likely wouldn't have existed at all before their use in religious text except possibly for butcherings/nicknames of the Hebrew names by Latin and Greek-speaking people (which for all I know may have been common due to the way Romantic grammar works).