Primary and middle-school students have Chinese history and World history classes. Until recently, high-school students chose either an Arts or Science-based curriculum, with the Arts students continuing studying history, but I believe this has recently been made more flexible. Students also study Politics, which includes some history of course. In terms of the way it's taught, it's not particularly different from other countries in style, if slightly traditional (large amounts of rote-learning of dates, though there has in recent years been a big move towards analysis and critical thinking compared to the past; though it should be said that critical thinking about modern Chinese history is discouraged). They don't really study things through a Marxist historiographical style anymore than other countries do. So class is mentioned a bit, as it would be in the West, for example the Landlords of the nationalist period, but when studying ancient China, it's a more traditional historiography of Emperors, philosophers, etc. The big thing I think would be noteable to a western audience is the narrative that's pushed in modern Chinese history. Since 1989, there has been a big push of the narrative of "national humiliation" at the hands of western powers and Japan from the 19th century onwards. Prior to that, the narrative was more about the weakness and backwardness of the Qing government. The Cultural Revolution is barely taught, and the Tiananmen Square protests are hidden completely.

I will say that Feminist historiography is studied a little at higher levels (probably about the same as in the west), but I don't believe post-Colonialism is popular.

I should say that I'm semi-familiar with the way non-History majors are taught in University (because I teach English, and they have to do a semester of History), but I'm not familiar with the way History majors are taught. However, generally speaking I am genuinely shocked with how little knowledge of Marxist thought students have; these days, it's all Deng Xiaoping theory. I've never heard Chinese students, when discussing history, refer to class as a lense through which to understand it. It's generally a narrative of great men and women, and competing powers.

Now, I've really been addressing your sub-question about primary and secondary students here. I have no specific knowledge of which types of historiography are popular amongst Chinese historians.

I just finished reading the British history section of a Chinese textbook for English majors on British and American history and culture. Actually, I was surprised to find there was some Marxist class-based analysis. Not much in the ancient world or Middle Ages sections, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, there was definitely a lense of class analysis. The explanation for Imperialism was very much as the "end result of capitalism". So, that would suggest that at this level, it is fairly common.