I simply can't imagine how such a dramatic loss of a particular gender would affect a society, in this case men. The lack of workers, the lack of fathers and grand fathers, the lack of future husbands. How did this affect German society (and others)? How did they deal with this at the time, and what effects did it ultimately have on their society?
To respond to one portion of your question, one of the ways that Germany dealt with the lack of workers was via the bringing of Gastarbeiter (translates roughly to guest worker) to the country. West Germany, partially due to the economic aid of the Marshall plan, was going through an economic miracle and desperately needed workers to keep the economic progress going. They couldn't get enough workers from their own country due to the lack of men (thanks to WWII) and not enough workers from nearby countries took advantage of the program, so, thanks to a little bit of pressure from the United States, the Germans opened up the program to Turkey, who took advantage of it and thousands upon thousands went to Germany. It was supposed to be temporary, and many did return home. But, due to a lack of economic opportunities, many did not go home, resulting in their being over 4 million people of Turkish descent in Germany today!
Source: http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/germany-immigration-transition/