I am reading Carol Karlsen's Devil in the Shape of a Woman and she says at multiple points that "women continued to join the church in proportionately larger numbers than men"
Was it that male populations were smaller? Or perhaps men were more reluctant to go through the church joining process?
I'll answer, because no one else has, by guessing it's a sign off the times. A combination of the scientific revolution and the enlightenment. In Puritan New England at this point the Quaker movement was also making an impact. Not really an answer but some points you can research further.
This is sort of a precursor to a later movement in protestant New England. The church was one of the few outlets for women to expand their influence outside of the home during those time. Moral authority from the bible could be dealt by anyone, as long as it was orthodox, and women saw this a great opportunity to reign in husbands or other errant men. Sort of the genesis of the idea of the judgey "church lady". I've only really heard about this imbalance of church membership towards women during the 1st and 2nd great awakenings, although its clear to see how this could be present in the 17th century.