In other words, did the native Americans communicate enough with other tribes that word of the arrival of white people was known to tribes in the west?
There's always room for discussion, but perhaps the section Pre-Columbian Trade and Contact from our FAQ will answer your inquiry.
The Mantle Site near modern day Toronto, Canada was a large Wendat (Huron) town - Population: ~2000, dating to between 1500 and 1530. Among the artifacts recovered from the site were an iron axe and copper beads of European design. This is about a century before any European reached the area.
Cabot may have reached the coast of Maritime Canada between 1497 and 1500, but we know next to nothing about his first voyage. His second voyage is known to have explicitly not made contact with anyone, and his third voyage - which was dispatched for trade - more or less vanishes without a trace, except for one ship forced to return to Ireland after being damaged in a storm and reporting that the other ships continued on with the mission. The Basques usually get the credit for bringing these items to the Amercias, but the first confirmed Basque expedition to the area was in 1530 (considering that the Basque were operating unofficially, it wouldn't be surprising if a handful of voyages were made without being recorded though). Post-1530, European trade goods are fairly common in archaeological sites throughout the Northeast, coinciding with the increased number of Basque traders operating on the coasts. Still, the Mantle Site is quite some distance from where the Basques were operating.
However these Europeans goods go to North America, they would have to be transported inland from the coast to the Great Lakes. The trade routes of the Americas were extensive and news would travel just as quickly along them as did such curious items as iron axes and European beads. It's possible that the items served as evidence for that news, moreso than items of trade (they were kept within the community's central longhouse, carefully buried, but not placed in someone's grave or removed when the community relocated - they were items of significance, but that significance had waned by 1530, when Europeans were more common).
A few years later, when Cartier explored the St. Lawrence valley on his second expedition, he stayed in the town of Stadacona (present day Quebec City). Donnacona, the leader of this community, was observed to make frequent and lengthy trips, returning with emissaries to whom he'd show the French ship. When Cartier asked Donnacona about the lay of the land, he described in detail the route canoes must take to bypass Niagara Falls and reach Lake Huron via the Ottawa River. He had never been further west than that personally, nor had anyone in Stadacona, but traders from further west often came to him. To the south he spoke of a land that traded "oranges." He likely meant persimmons, a tree that produces small orange fruits that were often dried and traded north. It grows throughout the Southeast and the closest place were these trees grow are along the Pennsylania-Maryland border. That gives you a rough idea of how far Donnacona would have been able to spread the news of Cartier's visit.