How much have media outlets/newspapers been "Organs of the Party" in the past?

by eternalkerri

Without getting into fights over the current political climate or recent events...

While certainly some media outlets like Pravda, during the Soviet era (no commenting on the current era!), were directly controlled by the government or political parties in some nations, we seem to have a notion of the independent and impartial newspaper.

While an examination of historical newspapers/magazines etc., show that some outright have been named after political parties like "Democrat" or "Whig", and reading some of their articles certainly shows no inclination of impartiality to political stances, as well as their role in local politics; for example, the burning of Abolitionist newspaper presses and outright murders of editors! We also have the history of muckrakers and Yellow Journalism as evidenced by the apocryphal story of Hearst saying "You provide the picures, I'll provide the war."

However, how much influence or control have political parties had over independent media organizations? This just doesn't pertain to newspapers, but also magazines, newsreels, and radio and television.

jschooltiger

There's actually a strong argument to be made that partisan newspapers helped found the American party system in the early Republic. For details, this older answer of mine might interest you. Briefly, early party organizations used newspapers to disseminate their messages; as the frontier expanded, partisan editors founded partisan newspapers, often being rewarded for loyal service with things like postmasterships and printing contracts.

davepx

To expand on /u/jschooltiger's point, I'd go so far as to suggest that partisanship was the fuel of the emergence of news media from the 17th century - a time of political and religious ferment and conflict - and that such often polemical media may even have played a part in the emergence of modern parties by reinforcing political identities.

There's a logic to a such a foundation: those with strong views are more likely to undertake such ventures than those without, especially when the financial or social return might be doubtful, the risk of incarceration for offending some ruler or courtier significant. And its just in this period that we see factions beginning to coalesce into what we might consider organised parties.

The stridency of publications of the 17th and 18th centuries does seem striking, initially often echoing the contemporary pamphlet press rather than prefiguring later papers of renown: indeed it may not be until the first half of the 19th century that we start to see much in the way of independence from the passions of the day.