Soviet Union started a concentrated effort to fully assimilate ethnic minorities in 1938. Similar policy was adapted by most satelite countries under Moscow´s influence in Eastern Europe after WWII.

One of them, Czechoslovakia, passed a law about forced settlement of migrating persons in 1958, targeted on Roma. Roma families were dispersed in small numbers across the whole country, given jobs and prohibited to move (even to just visit family in another town). Their old carriages were seized, horses put in slaughterhauses. Children had to visit local school, and were taught in local majority language (Czech/Slovak/Hungarian etc). In order to speed up their assimilation, Roma got some priviledges in social system, like preferential allocation of apartments, higher social benefits and so on. At the same time, not having an official job was punished by jail time. All these steps drastically increased literacy rate, heath and wealth status of most Roma. It also damaged their traditional norms.

(My sidenote: But it also planted seeds of future discord with local population, that got "allien" new neighbours overnight, with very different family culture, language, hygiene norms and worst of all - undeserved privilegies, what caused jealousy and conflicts. No surprise Roma got such backlash and rasism towards them after communism collapsed and freedom returned.)

Source: Závodská M.: Romove v českych zemích a na Slovensku v letech 1918–1989, Romea, 1. vydání, 2012, str. 49 – 50, 70, ISBN: 978-80-904106-1-9