The short answer IMO is that there are fragments of the Vedic religion in contemporary Hinduism but there is no "unbroken", i.e., 'historically original' Vedic religion being practiced in contemporary Hinduism. What must be kept in mind is that what we now call "Hinduism" - or any '-ism' for that matter - is a dynamic historical entity. Thus to say something is an 'unbroken' transmission is methodologically dicey because like the party game "telegraph": where a verbal phrase is passed from one person to another and eventually morphs into something completely different - the meaning/role/significance/symbolism of any historical artifact changes over time.

The Veda-s - themselves were composed over a very long period - and in all likelihood not a monolithic system even at the time of their composition. The were originally an eclectic collection of oral songs, stories, etc., that at some point the forces of history codified - and even recorded in script! - into the Veda-s - kind of like a 'greatest hits' compilation CD. What Vedic culture has been successful at is the continuous oral transmission of the Veda-s that has been likened to a living recording. Because the sounds (not so much the meaning and not at all the written words) of the Veda-s are sacred the claim is that no variation has been introduced. In that sense the oral transmission may arguably be regarded as 'unbroken' even today - take a look at the interesting youtube comments.

The Veda-s themselves are relatively estranged from contemporary 'Hinduism'. So sure, people who self-identify as Hindu doubtless would espouse that they "believe in" the Veda-s as the source of their religion and have Vedic elements in life-stage events: weddings, funerals, astrology, etc. Now, if we ask them about the contents of the texts called the Veda-s: their favorite hymns, or what Vedic practices they perform - maybe they could say Shrii Rudram but generally Hindus do not read the Vedas or practice the rituals described. One can easily attend a yajna 'fire ritual' - again as a contemporary fragment of the Vedic religion. Please let me know if that helps you or you have any follow-up questions. SOURCE: former grad student South Asian Religions at a major public university.

Wouldn't Buddhism qualify as another descendant, since it descended from Hinduism?

Well, there are neo-pagans, mind you. With followers of both the hellenic and the germanic pantheon/belief structure. I don't know why any poster would say that the pantheon was not inherited from a common source, because we know that the pantheon was fairly similar across vedic, hellenic, roman, and germanic belief systems, which of course would mean that they all got the belief system from before the centum-satem split, which places the belief structure as existing since nearly the beginning of the proliferation of the language family out of its urheimat. It probably existed before even that, but this evidence only places it to that point as the earliest known date where it could have been inherited from.