No, it was nowhere near what we know today. Greek training in general tended to be functional in nature. Runners ran, rowers rowed, fighters fought. They did understand, at least on a fundamental level, the importance a good diet had for physical labour. However the kind of extremely athletic bodies that is the result of progressive overload training and carefully controlled diets would probably not have been common. Spartan soldiers would have gotten the majority of their training from marching in armor, practicing fighting, unit running contests and eating a relatively balanced diet. The kind of extremely athletic bodies depicted in statues was usually reserved for young nobles training for an event of some sort, like the Olympics.