While some nations restricted the ownership of weapons, Norway was quite different. Hunting was common even down to the poorest pesants, and the population had always been armed as a defence force in case of attacks. In 1900 there was a weapon in about half of homes.
Kristian the 4th's new law in 1604 replaced the old medieval system, requiring a large portion of the population to have certain equipment and weapons. Mostly those mandatory but also civilian weapons I'll mention here, as the military is a thing of it's own.
Farmers on big farms were to have good gun, with 10-12 shots as well as a sidearm. This could be a halberd, sword, axe or spear. Farmers on smaller farms did not need the gun.
Halberds and spears are mentioned in this law. Spears are all right, for they you can hunt with and already common for that use. The most common form of hunting spears and thus most civilian spears were about as long as a man, with a big broad head. If this was the same as used in war we are a bit unsure, but having a proper pike for war might have been more common.
The law about spears: "[people who doesn't own a gun] should hold a good half-pike or spear with iron rods on" Halberds are useless for a farmer unless in a war. Still, they were quite common. In 1609 in the region of Salten 1400 men were accounted for. Of these 734 had halberds. The last halberds were manufactured around 1807-1814.
Everyone had an axe, most farms had multiple. But proper war axes were also used. It was used as a weapon in war until the 1700's, many of which being a peculiar Norwegian style with a curved shaft. In a marine law in 1561 it is determined that every sailor may have an axe onboard, but only the captain might take his ashore. Axes were a status symbol. Both farmers and foremen in mines used them as such. Some of those evolved into wooden canes simply imitating a richly carved axehead.
The guards in towns and cities often carried morning-stars as a weapon. Often around 150 cm long. Warhammers were originally rare in Norway, but in the 17th century they seem to have gotten a renascence similar to the war axes, getting used in similar ways as a symbol of status as well as a weapon.
The military always carried a side arm at this time. Only after 1800 did they start using only their bayonet. This weapon was often a short sabre or sword. A civilian probably wouldn't have a hard time buying one of them, if he wanted to for some reason. Even government officials all the way down to sheriffs, and after 1846 even mailmen were armed. They were not that common with the militia or the common people, though with some exceptions, such as the already then old fashioned "dusacks " bought from Germany to sell to the farmers to arm them. The nobility and artisans would also carry a rapier daily. Even farmers had a tradition to carry a rapier as part of the suit when in weddings and such. Many accounts are preserved of people killed with sidearms, most likely the German dusacks.
Bows were gone by 1550 in both civilian and military use. The exception being the sami.
Crossbows were much more common, though they drifted out of military use and by 1600 were purely hunting weapons until they fell out of use around 1900.
The matchlock was in use early, and lasted until about 1700. The wheellock came about 1535 and lasted until about 1700 as well. Though, both of these were marginalized by the snaplock guns in the 17th century. The flintlock came about 1650 as civilian guns, and would soon dominate the next 200 years.
For the common people guns seem to have become common for everyone in the second half of the 1700's, though they have existed for far longer. There were a few gunsmiths, but a big portion of both private and military guns were imported. Many of the civilian guns were older models sold by the Dano-Norwegian and Swedish armies.
A good example of these weapons in use might be when 4-500 Norwegian peasants decimated a 300 man force of Scottish mercenaries with minimal casualties by trapping them in a mountain pass in 1612. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Battle_of_Kringen.jpg
Sources: Primarily the book "Våpen i Norge".
