Or were they limited to words like light blue, light green, dark pink etc? I'm wondering since it's not like you often hear someone named Mr. Magenta, or Mrs. Cerulean, but more commonly hear Mr. Brown, Mrs. White, etc.
*edit: I should specify - in English.
It's hard to generalize for all the colors because the names came about in different time periods. According to Philip Ball's book Bright Earth: Art and the Invention of Color, the color magenta was one of the first synthetic dye to be invented back in 1859 and it was named after the victory of French and Sardinian army at the Battle of Magenta. Various etymology dictionaries placed the color cerulean I the English language at 16th, 17th, or 18th century.