How has Napoleon been depicted, over time, in Italian, Polish and German history?

by Gandalf_Shitler

Hey /r/askhistorians! I'm doing an extension history course at my school and have to write an essay on a subject of my choosing. I've chosen the above question.

Unfortunately I can't find absolutely no sources. Any help would be GREATLY appreciated. Thanks!

Joseon194

Well for Italy and Poland, very positively actually. Napoleon had created the Kingdom of Italy as a sort of satellite state that he could use in case the Austrians ever tried to invade Italy again. By the time of the Kingdom's dissolution, Northern Italy was primarily Austrian territory except for the Kingdom of Sardinia. The Italian Revolution of 1848, though it failed, was made up of, primarily, ex-Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy veterans who had served within the army and hoped to emulate the republican ideals of the French Revolution and Napoleon within their budding republics.

Poland forever saw Napoleon as a liberator before and after his death. Despite the Grand Duchy of Warsaw was, like the (Napoleonic) Kingdom of Italy, a satellite state the Poles were forever loyal to Napoleon and saw him as a chance to create a independent, sovereign, Poland (one which they hadn't seen since the 1790s). Many Poles in his Polish Imperial Guard Lancer cavalry had even accompanied Napoleon during his first exile to Elba so that's just one of many examples of how much they admired the man. He is still seen in a very positive light by Polish historians today.

Germany is very interesting in that there were many areas of Germany that would have loved to see nothing more than the destruction of Napoleon. Prussia, which was the strongest German state by the Napoleonic Wars, hated Napoleon with a passion after the humiliations they suffered under him after Jena. Despite that, many German historians credit Napoleon and his presence in Germany to the creation of German Nationalism that also incited the revolt that erupted in 1848 within Germany that caused Prussia to have a Parliament then on.

Hope this helped.

Gandalf_Shitler

My question, more exactly, is...

"How has Napoleon been depicted over time in the national-narrative of Italy, Poland and Germany."

Just noticed this week's theme is 'Nationhood and National Identity'. Kinda fitting for this question.

dreamer_

(I am not historian, but I can present some attitude from polish POV). Bonaparte is presented almost always in positive manner - both in education as well as in popular culture. He's prominently mentioned in polish national anthem ("...Bonaparte has given us the example / Of how we should prevail..."), throughout major cultural works of XIX century, popular literature of XX century (e.g. Łysiak), etc. The only criticism, that I've read was about sending polish Legionaires to break Haitian Revolution - this is seen as both irresponsible (as they were not prepared nor trained for colonial war) and kind-of treacherous (both Polish and Haitian people were fighting for liberty after all, and Napoleon basically discarded forces, that were inconvenient to him politically after Treaty of Lunéville). I believe there was some criticism during communist period (obviously), but I would need to go home to check sources.