I've heard many things about the history of the area in question, but I'm finding it very difficult to find reasonable reading.
I feel like I should add sub-questions with a narrower focus, but I'm really interested in anything that would pass muster in /r/AskHistorians related to those lakes or their environs before the 20th century. I suppose I could add that there's bonus points if you can point to an historical event that's linked to a current place name. I'm looking at you, Red Gut Bay.
You may want to cross-post this in /r/askanthropology, though I can't think of anyone there with much background in that region. But people often know a lot about regions beyond their main focus, so you might get lucky. I know Southern Ontario archaeology even though it's not my focus, but I don't know anything about the region you describe. Also, while there likely are a few historians who study native history, you're more likely to get answers from anthropologists: sociocultural anthropologists who study living native people, their oral history, and their recent history, and archaeologists who study basically anything pre-1800 for that area. That may be why you haven't had any answers here.
And fyi, the area you are describing is not Southern Ontario. Southern Ontario is the part of Ontario that is surrounded by the Great Lakes, extending east along Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. The region you describe is Northern Ontario (though about 85% of Ontario is "Northern Ontario"), or more-specifically, Nothwestern Ontario. That may help draw people to your question, too.