ETA: I defer to /u/CptBuck on attitudes in the Ottoman Empire.

The fifteenth century in Western Europe was pretty damn happy about the printing press. There were attempts to censor occasional texts, like the archbishop of Mainz in 1487 saying that printers needed to get his approval before printing Bibles in vernacular German. There's a recent book on the rise of censorship in the 16th century Augsburg press, showing that "censorship" and what got censored was the result of negotation among various groups, rather than a top-down imposition.

In fact, authorities embraced the printing press and sought to mobilize its ability to disseminate short texts quickly! In the 15th century, a major use of this was the printing of indulgences. No longer did scribes have to devote countless hours to writing out one-off sheets. It was the perfect use of the printing press: tons of copies, short and cheap (because short). In 1520s Germany, loyalist cities like Leipzig saw printers complain to city authorities that they weren't turning a profit because they weren't allowed to print the evangelical texts that everyone wanted. The Church did not try to squelch printing presses but to control them.

Monastic scribes were happy about the invention, too! It was considered a sign of great prestige that the nuns of Jacobus Ripoli in Florence were allowed to operate a printing press--a privilege they had earned based on their reputation as fine scribes.

While I defer to /u/sunagainstgold on Europe, the Ottomans and the Arab world actually led a pretty successful repression of the printing press throughout their territories such that it didn't become widespread for Ottoman Turkish printing until, I believe, the early 18th century and wouldn't be introduced for the Arab world until Napoleon brought a printing press along with him during his invasion of Egypt in 1798.

I haven't read as much on the subject as I would like, but it's my understanding that the Ottoman resistance to the printing press wasn't so much that there were specific individuals or a class of individuals who would use the printing press for dangerous ideas like some sort of Islamic Protestants, (indeed, the press would remain heavily censored even after its introduction so there was little risk of that) but rather they were concerned with maintaining social structures predicated on the pre-eminence of the scholarly classes which, even in an age of paper and text, continued to favor oral and person-to-person based authority. So it wasn't so much that the ideas that were being spread were dangerous or not but that in a printing press world those ideas were not authoritative without that personal connection.

20 year rule?