Are there any times/cultures where humanity didn't appear interested in a potentially different future?
I think the changes in our society are increasing in frequency. Let's say more has changed in society in the past hundred years than the previous five hundred. Was there a time when change happened so slowly that humanity never really considered what the future would be like? Was there a time when we thought that the way it is was identical to the way it was and the way it would be?
That’s an interesting question, friend, but it might be a little difficult for the scope of a sub like this one to handle…as the rules state, “throughout history” questions are somewhat discouraged ‘round here. There are many reasons for this—such questions often devolve into discussions of increasingly trifling trivia or minutiae, it’s hard to define what a satisfactory answer would be, it’s not clear which historians here would have relevant expertise, etc. etc. etc. In this case, asking if human beings in general have “always” done or not done something is very difficult to answer satisfactorily. Would a single exception be sufficient to prove or disprove the assertion? And from what time period would you want it? The farther back you go, the less historians have to offer and the more you need to rely on archaeologists or anthropologists. /r/anthropology might be able to help you with a question like this, in fact :o
Still, I suppose I might be able to help a little bit. The following answer is derived primarily from my texts on historiography:
Eileen Ka-May Cheng, Historiography: An Introductory Guide
Q. Edward Wang, George C. Eggers, Turning Points in Historiography: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
As Wang and Eggers point out, many societies in antiquity, such as those of the Egyptians and Greeks, believed societies ran in cycles from a rise to prominence, prosperity, and then decay. Christian and Jewish thinkers, particularly those who followed them, emphasized more of a linear conception of history, one which “progressed” towards God’s ultimate plan for humankind. (46, also see Cheng, 3-10). If you’re asking about the ways people have thought about what the future was like, reading about the cyclical theories of society might give you some answers—some felt the future would recapitulate the past thanks to an endless cycle of rising and falling.
As for periods where people thought things would stay as they are forever…I’m not sure. Again, you may want to ask an anthropologist. Off the top of my head, I could have sworn reading somewhere that many people in “pre-history,” that is to say, in tribes, societies, hunter-gatherer bands, etc. sometimes believed the past, present, and future blended into each other. But I’m really not sure, I can’t recall the citation at the moment. Someone who knows more about “pre-historic” (so to speak) historiography, or perhaps someone with a knowledge of both anthropology and history here, would be able to help you out a little more. In any case, though, as I said at the beginning, “throughout history” or “have people always done or not done this” type questions tend to be hard to answer.