Absolutely not. The program was brought about with the Great Leap Forward between 1958-1962. As we know, the Great Leap Forward was a huge policy disaster which caused a big famine with death estimates from 18 million (at the lowest estimate) to 43 million (at the highest estimate). Just as a comment, when people talk about Mao Zedong as a "Mass Killer" worst than the likes of Hitler and Stalin, those deaths that are tallied are because of the deaths from famine from the Great Leap Forward and not because millions and millions were put through death camps. Anyways, the "Four Pests" policy was one of the items that created the conditions for the famine because one of the four pests were sparrows. They wanted to kill sparrows because they were eating grain which by party policy should go towards the people of China. Problem is, sparrows also eat all the bugs and locusts that eat crops. Thus after killing a great deal of sparrows, locusts became an unmanageable problem that created less crop yields. The killing of sparrows was not the biggest reason for the famine but did largely contribute to the problem enough that the policy towards killing sparrows was lifted in 1960 but too late stop the major damage.

Judith Rae Sharpio in her book "Mao's War Against Nature: Politics and the Environment in Revolutionary China" talks about the policy making a reappearance temporarily in Chongqing and Beijing in the form of propaganda posters replacing the sparrow with the cockroach. The program fizzled out because there was no use in the propaganda, people in China were already fond of killing rats, flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches.

Now if your question is: were there any long-term effects that the "Four Pests" campaign had on China? I don't know how to answer that properly because I imagine you would want to know what the environmental costs are and that would require an environmental scientist's or historian's opinion. The effects on the culture can be lumped in with the Great Leap Forward's effects which segued in the Cultural Revolution which I would argue had way more cultural ramifications than the Great Leap Forward.