This is a x-post from /r/Colorization. Credit to /u/gbrlcbra101. This is the photo in question. From what I can tell they're tattoos, if so or not so, what do they represent or mean? Thank you!
This gentleman is San Diago, and he was one of a number of American Indians and Alaska Natives photographed by Gerhard Sisters during the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis.
Diago was a member of one of the numerous ethnographic exhibits during the fair. Sometimes called "human zoos," these ethnographic exhibits were a mainstay of fairs into the 20th century, right up into the era of decolonization, in some cases.
The exhibits claimed to bring together human beings from all around the world and put them on display so fairgoers could see them in traditional clothing. It should be noted that not infrequently, what was put on display differed from the reality in the field.