Not really. Most of the major players on both sides came from the early Muslim community (either from Maddina or Makkah).

However, you could view the early division as a conflict between clans/families. Aisha and Muawiya were related to Uthman, the third Caliph who was assassinated. When Ali ibn Abi Talib became the 4th Cailiph, he was fairly lenient with the large group of people that had come to the city, among which were the assassins (presumably to avoid further bloodshed and killing innocents). Muawiya and Aisha raised a rebellion, demanding punishment for Uthman's killers. I think from a political perspective in history, this is where the split begins.

This "clash of clans" is further exacerbated because Muawiya successfully created a splinter state in Syria and passed rule to his descendants. They would come to be the Umayyads and rulers of the Muslims world. His court scholars would effectively go on to compile and mold Sunni theology. The supporters of Ali in those conflicts, and supporters of his descendants, are the "Shiat 'ul Ali" or Shia.

Feel free to ask about anything you want to know about in more detail