Grab yourself a copy of Spencer Weart's The Rise of Nuclear Fear — great book about the influence of nuclear weapons on various aspects of public thinking. It'll give you a good baseline to start asking questions of your main topic (postmodern literature), and will give you inspiration regarding primary sources (Weart uses a lot, and of different types — whenever I re-read his book I start searching out some of his references and using those to find more references).

As an aside, Derrida wrote a treatise on nuclear weapons in the 1980s. Personally I can make no sense of it. But it's maybe a little more grist for your mill.

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