公夫 (kung fu or gong fu, also written as 工夫) definitely comes from the Chinese, in the sense that the term is Chinese. It actually does not mean martial arts (that term would be 武術 wushu), but mastery of something, such as calligraphy, oration, basketball, etc. Depending on the exact quote Jackie Chan heard, as well as the language and term used, it is possible that they are both correct and wrong at the same time. Every civilization has its own martial arts, so India certainly has claims to its own styles. However, many styles of Chinese martial arts existed long before Buddhism started

Now that I've explained the possible reason for Jackie Chan and Tiger Shroff's disagreement, I will use kung fu the way an American would understand the term

Shaolin Kungfu comes from the Buddhist Shaolin Temple, so that martial arts could have Indian origins. However, the stories concerning this possibility have anachronistic details, making it extremely difficult to verify the claims of Indian origins. I'm comfortable saying that the Chinese invented kung fu, but I wouldn't be surprised if we find non-Chinese influences at some point