I have a little bit to tag on. From all I have read, what medical care was available right after the liberation of camps (which was often very ad-hoc) was almost entirely limited to the basics of survival and the use of whatever medical (or other) personnel was immediately available. For instance, when the British liberated Bergen-Belsen the medical team was headed by Lt. Colonel James Johnston, the commander of 32 Casualty Clearing Section. He noted that in order to properly care for the liberated prisoners--who were in the midst of a full-blown typhus epidemic--he needed "twelve 1,200-bed General Hospitals." Instead, he had "8 nurses, about 300 RAMC chaps, [and] a regiment of Light Anti Aircraft." They ended up bringing in medical students from the UK, local German nurses, and a number of doctors from the prison population to supplement the medical staff. Additionally, the other personnel pitched in as best as they could. The 113th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment was singled out by Army personnel and prisoners for their exemplary work in providing proper burials for the dead and for running the kitchen that fed the prisoners for the first few months after liberation.

Interestingly, the British did consider psychiatric care for the liberated prisoners, but very little was implemented. A 1945 United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRAA) report advocated psychiatric care for camp prisoners, but ultimately the British psychiatric community had its hands full with its own returning soldiers and POWs and couldn't provide the necessary resources for the camps. There was a ward set up at Belsen for schizophrenics, and another set up to treat post-typhus psychosis, but the only psychiatrist who visited the camp population at large merely observed the prisoners as they progressed through regular medical treatment, and he concluded at the end that after a few months they would eventually be ok in civilian life. There were a few amateur programs as well--an art student from Chelsea went to Belsen and started teaching art classes, and a Red Cross worker who distributed sewing materials to prisoners who had been tailors, seamstresses, and clothing designers. Generally speaking, the prisoners took it on themselves to slowly recondition themselves for normal life by organizing social events and ended up sort of giving themselves a rudimentary therapy.

Source: After Daybreak: The Liberation of Bergen-Belsen, 1945 by Ben Shepard.

This is a very interesting question! To clarify your question to help me, or anyone else, answer: Do you mean immediately after the Holocaust, or treatment sought anytime between 1945 and the death of a survivor? Also, are you asking if there were specific programs in place to treat this massive group of people who had experienced a specific trauma, or are you interested in how individuals would have gone about seeking help?

Thanks for tagging /u/Subs-man

As for the question: As far as I am aware and as far as the literature available to me goes, right after liberation survivors received no psychological help.

Most of the immediate aftermath of liberation was spent with physical care. I wrote more about the liberation of the camps here and as you can see, many people died directly in the aftermath from causes such as typhus and immediately going back to food their body could not handle.

Psychological care was not something that was seen as priority by the liberators, nor were these armies equipped to deal with this issue. Similarly UNRRA and other organizations in charge of caring for Displaced Persons. Here too, the first priority was to get people fed, physically cared for and into an environment where they wouldn't die from typhus.

With regards to psychological care for and issues associated with Holocaust survival, all I can give you is this list from the USHMM recommending literature since the issue itself is outside of my expertise.

Sorry, I can't give you more on this.

Psychiatry (speaking in a general sense) wasn't in it's infancy at all come 1945, just for context in 1896 Freud setup his clinic in Vienna. In 1886, Richard von Krafft-Ebbing released his Psychopathia Sexualis a book on sexual fetishism's, in 1919 German-Jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld opened his Institut für Sexualwissenschaft. If we are talking about drugs then yes & no, even though in the late 40's there were psychiatric medication it's wasn't all that widespread until the 50's.

I'm going to tag /u/Commiespaceinvader, /u/angelsil, /u/Kugelfang52,as they specialise in the Holocaust & I'm a little more general if those flaired users need anything clarifying I'm here :)