Jews were persecuted for a very long time.

What are the reasons for that?

I mean some reasons I have heard in history ed, but I'd like to know if there is an exhaustive list of reasons and an estimate on how much influence they had.

Also how did historians come to these reasons? Did they just try to think about possible reasons and then try to find evidence in historic documents for or against these reasons?

Are there comparisons to persecutions of other minorities? Did anyone find out what makes some minorities persecuted more often and more severely and others less?

I always thought that that topic was a bit simplified in my classes.

My teacher basically told that jews where forbidden to do certain jobs, which forced them go into banking and trading, which made them rather rich and successfull, which made people envious, which started persecution.

It's an argument that makes sense, but it seems too simplistic to me to be the whole truth.