Has there ever been a time in american history in which a president or rouge general has attempted to launch nukes while intoxicated before all the safety measures were put into place?

No. There have always been protocols of some sort in place to limit the use of these weapons. It was recognized that nuclear weapons could not be simply deployed as any one person saw fit; their devastation too great. Beyond that, there are military protocols in place that would allow anyone to question the orders of anyone who is obviously intoxicated.

Remember, the President does not launch the weapons from The Football, he merely authorizes the use. From there it follows the chain of command downward to the missileers, (during the cold war) the Strategic Air Command bomber pilots, or submarine captains to execute the launch. There is no "button" that anyone man can press.