Travelling to the Archives in Quebec City or Montreal is not really the most convenient method, so is there a way to access primary documents for the place and period that are accessible through a database of some kind? I'd love to be able to access letters, censuses and the like.
I'm not sure what kind of sources you're looking for, but you can start with books on whatever topic you're interested in and check their footnotes. One particularly good book I've read is Bonds of Alliance, by Brett Rushforth