This may seem like the obvious answer, but it also happens to be true! - Bram Stoker's 1897 Dracula. It wasn't the first vampire story - and wasn't the first story to make a connection between Eastern European characteristics and mystical/supernatural otherness. But it was a potent combination, and a popular hit. It also was a popular hit at a time when the movies were starting up as a form. There's only about 35 years between the novel's publication and the famous film adaptation starting Bela Lugosi, and there's an even shorter period of time between the novel and the unauthorized adaptation Nosferatu.

Stoker's work adapted and transformed existing representations, became a hit, and his vision became cemented through the movies.

I agree that it's from Bram Stoker's Dracula, and the film adaptations of Dracula. But Bram Stoker was highly influenced by Vampyre, a story written by Dr. John Polidori, Lord Byron's doctor, at the same country house party where Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein. The members of the party were tasked with writing the scariest ghost story. Two of the least literarily notable (at the time) members of the party wrote Frankenstein and Vampyre, while, the most notable--Byron and Shelley--left nothing written for posterity. Vampyre differed from all preceding tales of vampires in that these vampires were sexy and looked roughly human. It is widely believed that Polidori based his vampires on Lord Byron, but displaced Byron's somewhat predatory sexual practices and desires into predatory oral desire for blood. Prior to this story, vampires were kind of similar to zombies--decaying, smelly, walking corpses. After Polidori, they became more what they are today. But Vampyre is seldom read, while Dracula, not that much read anymore, was enormously popular as literature, and even more popular in film.