Today we often hear that society is dumb, or most people are idiots these days. Are there records of similar claims being made in the Medieval period or earlier? Has there always been a common sentiment that people in the past were wiser?

by [deleted]

[deleted]

Sobisonator

Absolutely! The idea that the world is dumbing down and "going to the dogs" so to speak has been popular throughout the ages. Expressing lament that people nowadays are much worse than those in former times is often a way of trying to motivate your peers to look up to something, even if it wasn't really better, by appealing to nostalgia.

Gildas, a 6th century British writer, writes the following in his work "The Ruin and Conquest of Britain" (you can guess what kind of tone he takes just from the title!): "I saw moreover in my own time, as that prophet also had complained, that the city had sat down lone and widowed, which before was full of people; that the queen of nations and the princess of provinces (i.e. the church), had been made tributary; that the gold was obscured, and the most excellent colour (which is the brightness of God's word) changed; that the sons of Sion (i.e. of holy mother church), once famous and clothed in the finest gold, grovelled in dung" (from Project Gutenberk e-books edition of Gildas' work)

So Gildas here is complaining that the churchmen (presumably his peers, as he displays rhetorical devices one might expect of a man with a church education in the medieval era).

Alcuin, a Northumbrian Englishman living in Francia (modern day France & Germany, more or less) in the 8th century writes back to his former compatriots in Britain quite often, and is often quite critical of the state of English culture:

"neither in dress nor in good living do they pattern themselves after their worthy ancestors; but in their mad folly, they seek out some new thing as unprofitable to themselves as it is displeasing to God."

Alcuin is complaining that modern English people are foolish in their obsession with fashion, specifically fashion inspired by that of Scandinavian visitors to the country, which seems to be becoming popular in the North of England where Alcuin is from. He calls it a "mad folly", and explains that it is disrespectful to their ancestors - because Alcuin is trying to get across the message that in past times people were not nearly as stupidly obsessed with fashion.

In the early 11th century, in the reign of Aethelred II of England (known to us as "the unready", though he wasn't called that at the time) probably some time around 1010 AD, the archbishop of York Wulfstan gave a speech to the English, which lamented how they were worse off than their predecessors because the modern English were too careless about politics:

"Understand also well that the Devil has now led this nation astray for very many years, and that little loyalty has remained among men, though they spoke well." (Sermo Lupi ad Anglos - i.e. "Sermon of the Wolf to the English")

Wulfstan is explaining to his audience that "little loyalty has remained among men..." - that people nowadays are not to be trusted, that they've been led astray, that they're worse than their ancestors.

King Alfred (known to us as "the Great", but again this was not a nickname during his lifetime) himself complains about the poor state of education in his kingdom in the 880s. In fact, a lot of king Alfred's policies were directed at the improvement of education because people were perceived as being so much worse off than before:

He writes in his preface to "The Pastoral Care" (a translation he commissioned) - "So completely had wisdom declined in England that there were very few on this side of the Humber who could understand their rituals in English, or indeed could translate from Latin to English"

It is plain to see in the above quote that Alfred and his court are interested in the message that "wisdom has declined". Skill in Latin was a watermark for medieval education, so Alfred's focus on the lack of translation skills is a harsh commentary on the contemporary state of affairs.

I hope these examples are enough to answer the question! Please feel free to ask for elaboration - this answer was quite quickly written!