The school of Romanticism was an effect of not only Industrialization, but the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. The Renaissance pulled Europe away from the backwardness and superstition of the Middle Ages. The Enlightenment, an effect of the Renaissance, sought to restructure society according to logical, rational thought, to strip religion of superstition and replace those parts with reason. Industrialization was the final straw. Some people were fed-up with the pollution and "progress" brought by new technology, and they hated to see nature being destroyed for the sake of a new factory or railroad. Romanticism was the reactionary ideology (one of the "great -isms" of the 19th century) that favored emotion and feeling, that nature's beauty outweighs any human creation, that Western Civilization had "lost its cultural roots" when it turned away from the gothic architecture an spiritual vivaciousness of the Middle Ages and the Genius of Christianity.