Patronymic last names are (or was until recently) really common here in Scandinavia. I was wondering if, historically there are examples where the father later in life would take on a last name (or be associated by) of their sons?
For example (might wrong regions for such names, but bear with me ) could/would the father of more famous persons such Alexander the Great/Harald Bluetooth get names such as XX Alexfather/ XX Haraldsfather?
It's not a surname, but it's incredibly common in Arabic to take on "Abu [first son's name]" after your son is born and to use that as essentially your sole name.
edit: or "Umm [first son's name]" for women.