"Their names, which are expressive of some bodily or mental excellence, all end with the same letter---the letter which is called San by the Dorians, and Sigma by the Ionians" I read this passage from Herodotus on his account of Persia and was wondering what the letter that names ended with was?

by sirsteve0894

I was also curious if modern interpretations of Persians names, such as Darius and Xerxes, followed the same naming convention actually practiced in ancient Persia.

XenophonTheAthenian

Herodotus says what the letter the names ended was, it's sigma (Σ). In Dorian alphabets sigma was called san. Originally san was a different letter than sigma in Archaic Dorian scripts, Μ. This letter looked very similar to mu and according to the OCD at least might have technically had a slightly different sound than sigma (I dunno, I ain't a linguist), and there was some weirdness in early Dorian scripts about san and iota, which initially looked very similar to Ionian sigma. By Herodotus' day san had dropped out of most scripts as an independent letter and had been replaced by sigma, but in the Dorian dialect the letter was still called san, even though it was written identically to Ionian sigma in most cities and had the same sound