A good place to start would be Bose and Jalal's Modern South Asia, which gives an overview over major events of colonial India. As you seem to be interested in British colonialism C.A. Bayly's Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire might be interesting as well - he discusses the beginnings of British rule in South Asia in more detail.

For more of a general introduction to Indian history see Kulke's and Rothermund's "History of India", available online. Hope this helps.