What is the oldest extant exhibit of a passport?

Futhermore, American popular culture includes a connotation of protection with the current US Passport, sort of a handshake agreement of "treat this person as we would treat our own". Who was the originator of this concept, and what are some early examples?

Is a passport the fruit of modern nation-states, or did they exist earlier?

Thanks, as always, for your time and insight.