Most of the sources I've been able to find focus on Israel in relation to either Palestine specifically or the broader Middle East. However, I'm very interested in the history of Labor/Likud, changing conceptions of Zionism, the battle over whether Israel is a secular or religious state, etc. Alternatively, I'd love a baseline explainer of Israeli political history from this angle if you'd like to give one out--I'm totally unfamiliar and am trying to learn about it.
I've found all of the below useful overviews:
Two books by Leslie Stein, The Making of Modern Israel: 1948-1967 and Israel since the Six Day War: Tears of Joy, Tears of Sorrow
Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel
Howard Schacar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (Be aware that this is a massive book, coming in at over 1100 pages, not including citations/bibliography).
I think one that fits the political history you're talking about specifically is Politics and Government in Israel by Mahler. That will give you a good overview of how the Israeli system works, what the politics and political parties are, etc.
To understand the roots of Zionism in first-person, I suggest looking at Arthur Hertzburg's, The Zionist Idea.
To get an idea of the arguments over Zionism's meaning as a concept and so on, you can check out New Essays on Zionism, edited by David and Yoram Hazony and Michael B. Oren. It brings together a list of interesting political thinkers and politicians reflecting on it and its history.