How did the military change in response to the use heavy artillery during World War 1?

by Jman442020

I am currently researching the effect artillery had on the tactics of World War 1. I have looked at many sources and so far have only found information on how the heavy artillery of the Germans absolutely decimated French and British troops because of their outdated tactics. What I need to know is how the tactics and defenses changed so the Allied forces could survive such attacks, like during the Battle of Verdun, where German forces met heavy resistance, even after they bombarded that area they were to advance into. Any additional sources, of texts for me to use would be great, because everything I write obviously needs to be cited.

EDIT: typo in the title. "How did military tactics change in response to the use of heavy artillery during World War 1"

DuxBelisarius

I have looked at many sources and so far have only found information on how the heavy artillery of the Germans absolutely decimated French and British troops because of their outdated tactics.

I wouldn't say outdated tactics so much as poor planning, insufficient training, and lack of a clear doctrine. Terence Zuber and Simon House's studies of the Battles of the Frontiers have indicated that poor reconnaissance and inadequate training in skirmisher tactics are what led to the heavy casualties, and that it was German attacks and counter-attacks that most often dealt the damage. Similarly, the British infantry did not walk across no-man's land on July 1st, 1916; of 80 battalions, Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson found that c. 53 advanced into no man's land before 0730, c. 10 ran from the parapet at 0730, and c. 15 'moved at a steady pace' and behind a creeping barrage. The attacks on the Southern Front were mostly successful (XIII and XV Corps sectors) while the French enjoyed almost unqualified success on their front.

Any additional sources, of texts for me to use would be great, because everything I write obviously needs to be cited.

[Early Trench Warfare Tactics of the French Army] (https://www.academia.edu/11829077/Early_Trench_Tactics_in_the_French_Army_The_Second_Battle_of_Artois_May-June_1915) by Jonathan Krause, ["The Infantry cannot do with a gun less"] (http://www.gutenberg-e.org/mas01/) by Sanders Marble, [Operational Role of British Corps on the Western Front] (http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349874/1/367588.pdf) by Andy Simpson, and [Not Glamorous, but Effective] (https://web.viu.ca/davies/H355H.Cda.WWI/Canadians%20and%20the%20Set%20Piece%20Attack%20(1994.pdf), as well as some of the essays in [this collection] (http://www.army.gov.au/~/media/Files/Our%20history/AAHU/Conference%20Papers%20and%20Images/2007/2007-1917_Tactics_Training_and_Technology.pdf) about 1917 should be good places to start.

EDIT:

Here's [two] (http://journals.chapman.edu/ojs/index.php/VocesNovae/article/view/334/711) [good] (http://journals.chapman.edu/ojs/index.php/VocesNovae/article/view/21/93) articles about French infantry tactics at Verdun, and the tactics used by British 18th Division in it's successful attack on July 1st.