The first thing to realize is that there was no such thing as a typical battle. The Romans did not agree upon a meeting time with an enemy, show up on the field, and slug it out when the arranged time came. Battles were unpredictable, volatile, and almost never took place when you wanted them to. It would be a terrible general that allowed his adversary to pick and choose his moment to give battle.

Having said that, the legionnaires did have a schedule, of sorts. Roman legions were almost never left idle -- idle soldiers are dangerous, in any time and any place. Even when in "winter quarters," when they didn't move around much, they had jobs to do every day (see below).

When not in winter quarters, the legions were almost constantly on the march. Roman tactics were keen on mobility, on occupying strategic positions, outflanking or bypassing enemy formations. This means that the job the soldier did most often was marching, either in column or in battle formation depending on the local dangers. Different armies moved at different speeds, depending on the time period and the commander and the baggage, but 15-20 miles per day was possible (and this in full gear with sword, scutum shield, pila, and everything else).

Roman legions typically made a fort for themselves every night, unless circumstances intervened. These are called castra. Every soldier had a part in the construction, whether digging the ditch or erecting the palisade or foraging for food etc. If a battle was imminent, the soldiers might be ordered to build fortifications in addition to the camp itself. For instance, at Alesia Caesar's legions built a double-rampart for themselves, which was an amazing engineering feat in itself. Definitely watch that video. A lot of a soldier's time on the day of a battle was occupied by doing what his centurion told him to do -- that is, getting in line, moving here and there, checking equipment, and then (most importantly) waiting. Battles were hours of marching around, getting in line, following orders, followed (usually) by mere minutes of fighting, followed by more moving, lining up, waiting. After winning the battle (and they very often did), the soldier's tasks might include helping the wounded in his contubernium or centuria, repairing the camp if necessary, and, importantly, collecting the Roman dead and seeing to their proper burial.

When not in war time, the soldiers had other jobs to keep them busy. It was the soldiers that built the famous Roman roads, and they often also did more mundane tasks like clearing forests. They also built bridges, aqueducts, stone wall fortifications sometimes.

I'm not an expert on Roman history, but I do know a few things that may be useful to you.

First off, we need to determine exactly when your soldier serves and where does he come from. For example, in the Early Roman army (kingdom and early republic) the military followed the Greek Phalanx model, which involved a lot of relatively homogeneous soldiers in a big square formation. It pretty much functioned exactly as the Greek armies, as far as I know. Which is not much.

Later in the republic we came into the maniple system, where we had five distinct types of soldier divided between heavy infantry (hastati, principes and triarii), skirmishers (velites), and cavalry (equites). Each class had its own role and social standing, with the hastati and velites being the poorest, the principes being wealthier, the triarii being veteran soldiers and the equites being aristocrats. There would also be a lot of servants and camp followers to deal with the camp.

Later in the republican era and throughout the Imperial era, which is what most people are familiar with and what you're probably interested in, came the cohort. This is the one I fortunately know most about, since I've studied Hadrian's Wall with the Newcastle University. I hope you can forgive me going into a little more detail about how these worked.

Unlike the previous model in which included numerous types of infantry, here we only have two: the legionary and the auxiliary. The former is always a citizen, always heavy infantry and always armed with a sword, a large shield and a javelin. The latter is a barbarian ally or mercenary, usually heavy infantry, but some were equipped as archers. to support the heavy infantry. There were also cavalrymen, now exclusively auxiliaries, but they were always commanded by Roman aristocrats.

This simpler system proved to be a lot more efficient than the maniples. Since your soldiers were now versatile and homogeneous, reinforcement and resupply was a lot easier, since you didn't have to worry about having the right ratio between all the specialists in your army. The units themselves were also designed to be self-sufficient, relying less on camp followers and servants then the previous ones.

They worked in their own separate units, but generally followed a similar structure. Legionaries were grouped in units of eight, called contubernium. One of them was designated by the others as their leader, the decanus. This meant he led ten men. You may find this weird, since they were only eight soldiers in this unit. This is because there were also two servants assigned to look after the legionaries.

Eight of these units would form a century, commanded by a centurion. This man would be a career officer, promoted by his superiors, and he would be in charge of a hundred men. This is to say, eighty soldiers and twenty servants. The centurion also chose a soldier to become the optio, who acted as a second in command. He would be in charge of training the soldiers and could take over for the centurion if he was killed or otherwise unavailable. While the centurion would lead the century from the front, the optio would remain at the rear, to make sure the men kept their order and didn't flee.

Six centuries made up a cohort. That's six hundred men, four hundred and eighty of them soldiers plus one hundred and twenty servants. The most experienced of these six centurions would have command of the entire cohort, while each centurion retained individual command of their own century.

Each legion had one special cohort, simply called the first cohort. This was made out of five centuries, but each one of these had double the number of men. This cohort then had one thousand men, eight hundred of them soldiers plus two hundred servants. They hosted the legion's Aquila (eagle standard), which was the sacred symbol of the entire legion. They also effectively acted as the commander's personal guard. The centurion in charge of this cohort would be called the Primus Pilus, the highest ranking front line soldier of the legion. He was kind of a big deal, the fourth in command, and in some cases they could take command of the entire legion if his superiors were unable to do so.

The third in command was the camp prefect. He was in charge of supplies and the construction of the fortified camps. This was a huge deal. Romans love their fortified camps. They love them. They build them literally everywhere they go. As a Roman soldier you'd spend hours every day just digging ditches and putting up walls in order to be able to eat and sleep without worrying about finding yourself at the wrong end of a surprise attack. The camp prefect was always a former Primus Pilus, which meant he wasn't just some administrative officer, he was a former front line soldier with decades of experience. This would effectively make them the oldest and baddest legionary in the entire legion. This was the highest rank available to a career soldier. They were appointed by the commander of the legion.

Then came the military tribunes, a political position into which you'd have to be elected by your fellow citizens. There were two types of military tribunes. First we have the thin striped tribunes, young aristocrats who basically acted as secretaries to the commander. They weren't very important, and were mostly just there to learn and acquire experience. Since they had no authority or responsibilities during battle, we're just going to ignore them this time.

The one we're interested in is the thick striped tribune. These were still young aristocrats, but they were usually the sons of respected senators, and had the authority to command the legion, acting as the second in command. This was a very prestigious political position, and any young man serving as a thick striped tribune could expect to become a senator later in his life.

Finally we have the Legate, the commander of the legion. This was a senator appointed by the senate to command a legion for a predetermined length of time.

Now, back to your actual question. As a roman legionary marching into battle, your schedule could vary a lot depending on your situation. Let's assume first that you're working with ideal circumstances. You marched towards enemy territory, set up camp, had a warm meal (cooked by you and in fact paid directly from your salary), a good night's sleep and, next morning, a hearty breakfast. Perhaps you'd even have time for your own religious practice. Since during the height of the Empire the soldiers worshiped countless different gods, there weren't really large scale religious services. In later periods if an army held roughly the same belief system some commanders may lead a quick prayer on the field. This became particularly common after Christianity was made the Empire's official faith. If you were expected to continue marching after the battle, you would take down the camp before moving towards the enemy, but your commander could decide to leave it up in case you needed to retreat for whatever reason.

The army would march to meet the enemy, which would ideally attempt to engage directly. The first ones to fight would be the auxiliaries, all of them barbarians. The legionaries would be held as a reserve, only sent forward if the situation was dire. A commander would be considered particularly skilled if he could win a battle without using his legionaries at all. If the auxiliaries managed to break the enemy, the cavalry would pursue, and the infantry would reform and advance to take whatever land the enemy was defending. Usually you'd just build another camp and have a warm meal. Maybe you'd take a town and take any food and valuables.

Of course, a lot of different scenarios could happen. Maybe the enemy approaches the camp and you have to wake up before dawn to defend your walls without even having breakfast. Maybe you're ambushed in the march and you have to ditch your baggage to engage. Still, being a legionary was generally better than just being a civilian. You'd have food, healthcare and a lot of prestige.

...and as a follow-up, since I forgot in my other post, let me recommend this book if you are interested in Roman military things.