According to wiki, there are three basic themes to manifest destiny:
*The special virtues of the American people and their institutions
*America's mission to redeem and remake the west in the image of agrarian America
*An irresistible destiny to accomplish this essential duty
Did other countries have any similar period?
Japan comes to mind with their expansion into the Northern region of Hokkaido. That period of history in Japan has many parallels to Western expansion in the states. Right down to the subjugation of the native people who lived in the region. In Japan's case the native people were the Ainu instead of Native Americans.