I have cross posted this on some other subreddits and have found out some interesting stuff. I thought I might as well try it here.
So far I have had some response that say it is part arabic part farsi. That it is a Shia text because Ali and his sword Dhul Fiqar is mentioned a lot. Also that ""written by Abu Alsaud Effendi" is in the text. What does it all mean?
The book is apparently entitled Fürûkü'l-Usûl (Ottoman transliteration), which could mean a variety of things but perhaps means something like "The Fundamental Differences." Googling that name links me to an Arabic publication attributing it to Ibn Kemal Pasha, i.e. Kemalpaşazade, a Şeyhülislâm of the Ottoman Empire in the early sixteenth century. However, I couldn't actually find this title in the list of his written works in the Turkish Encyclopedia of Islam, so it may not be the case. Most of the work is in Arabic, but some of it (like the first picture in your album) is in Ottoman Turkish, unfortunately of a type too complex for me to understand without investing a lot of time into it. The book may be a commentary on an earlier work.