What were the events that led up to the Second Vatican council (Vatican II)?

by JefeSupremo

Did something happen to cause the council, and the drastic changes it produced or did they do it for another reason?

chikindiner

I'd like to tack on a question as well. Was Dei Verbum meant for the clergy only or the congregation as a whole? What I mean specifically is the mandate that the scriptures be read and interpreted/judged rather than taken at face value.