It depends a bit on what you mean, so the Achaemenid Persians appear in Tabari's History of the Prophets and Kings, the problem is that to my knowledge neither he nor any successive writer in Persian or in Arabic had access to Herodotus, which remains one of the main sources about the history of this period to this day. As far as I'm aware and based on the content of what he's writing Tabari must have been relying almost entirely on the bible, for instance. The Sassanians are better attested to and appear more reliably in the works of Tabari or Ferdowsi's Shahnameh (which to my knowledge does not include the Achaemenids).

As an archaeological exercise, the artifacts and antique sites like Naqsh-e Rustam were not systematically excavated and analyzed until European historians began to do so in the 19th and 20th centuries, as was equally true, say, of archaeology in Egypt or Turkey or Iraq and so on.