Did Hitler win what by one vote?

Can you be more specific? Hitler was not an elected official. Chancellor was an appointed position. Off the top of my head, I can't think of any elections in which the Nazi Party's position hinged on a single vote or seat (July 32, November '32, March '33, Nov. '33), nor important Rechstag Bills that helped their rise which the same can be said for. The closest that comes to mind is the Enabling Act, which was passed under very crooked means, but hardly by a single vote... You might be best served to resubmit your question and ask about the passage of the Enabling Act, as I suspect that is the closest thing to what you are asking about, even if it hardly was by a single vote.

If you actually do hear this from "teachers you know," ask them for a citation. One of the chief rules of critical thinking: "Cite or go home."