When I say successful I'm referring to the development of technology, philosophy, science, economics, politics, architecture, engineering, influence on the world as a whole, and impact on modern society.

I'm confused as to why regions that faced the harshest conditions seems to have created societies that were successful in many of these areas, at least based on how it's settled today. Wouldn't societies with longer growing seasons, more natural resources, and less fatal winters be in an advantageous position?